{"id":32695,"date":"2023-03-22T08:07:34","date_gmt":"2023-03-22T08:07:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.icape-group.com\/impedanskontroll\/"},"modified":"2025-01-21T09:34:28","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T09:34:28","slug":"impedanskontroll","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.icape-group.com\/sv\/vetenskapen-kring-pcb\/impedanskontroll\/","title":{"rendered":"Impedanskontroll"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Impedanskontroll<\/h1><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Elektrisk impedans<\/span> \u00e4r ett m\u00e5tt p\u00e5 det motst\u00e5nd som en krets utg\u00f6r mot en str\u00f6m n\u00e4r en sinusformad v\u00e4xelsp\u00e4nning appliceras. Den h\u00e4r kabeln \u00e4r en koaxialkabel. Ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r en koaxialkabel kan en antenn anslutas till enheten via en kabel som best\u00e5r av tv\u00e5 runda tr\u00e5dar som sitter p\u00e5 avst\u00e5nd fr\u00e5n varandra p\u00e5 en platt plastremsa. Precis som f\u00f6r koaxialkabeln \u00e4r dimensionerna och materialen i denna tr\u00e5d noggrant kontrollerade f\u00f6r att ge den r\u00e4tt elektrisk impedans.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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I kretskort \u00e4r sk\u00e4rmen planet, isolatorn \u00e4r materialet och k\u00e4rntr\u00e5den \u00e4r ett sp\u00e5r. Impedans m\u00e4ts i ohm, men ska inte f\u00f6rv\u00e4xlas med resistans, som ocks\u00e5 m\u00e4ts i ohm. Resistansen \u00e4r f\u00f6r likstr\u00f6m (DC), medan impedansen \u00e4r en v\u00e4xelstr\u00f6m (AC) som blir viktig n\u00e4r signalfrekvensen \u00f6kar och blir kritisk f\u00f6r kretskort med signalkomponenter som \u00e4r lika med eller st\u00f6rre \u00e4n 200 MHz. Funktionen hos en tr\u00e5d eller ett sp\u00e5r \u00e4r att \u00f6verf\u00f6ra signalstyrkan fr\u00e5n en enhet till en annan. Den maximala signalstyrkan \u00f6verf\u00f6rs n\u00e4r impedanserna matchar varandra.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"impedance\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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En TV-antenn har en ”naturlig” impedans. F\u00f6r radiofrekvenser (FR) kr\u00e4vs f\u00f6r \u00f6verf\u00f6ring av maximal signaleffekt fr\u00e5n antennen till kablarna att kabelns impedans \u00f6verensst\u00e4mmer med antennens impedans. Dessutom m\u00e5ste TV:ns impedans st\u00e4mma \u00f6verens med kabelns impedans.<\/p>\n

\u00c4ven om vi m\u00e5ste fokusera p\u00e5 tr\u00e5df\u00f6rbindelser, g\u00e4ller samma \u00f6verv\u00e4ganden f\u00f6r signal\u00f6verf\u00f6ring genom sp\u00e5r p\u00e5 ett kretskort. S\u00e5 sent som 1997 var det bara de d\u00e5varande exotiska h\u00f6ghastighetsenheterna som kr\u00e4vde kretskort med kontrollerad impedans. De utgjorde kanske 20 procent av de tillverkade kretskorten.<\/p>\n

\u00c5r 2000 tillverkades cirka 80 procent av alla flerlagers kretskort med sp\u00e5r av kontrollerad impedans. Dessa omfattade kort f\u00f6r alla typer av teknik, inklusive:
– Telekommunikation
– Videosignalbehandling
– H\u00f6ghastighets digital bearbetning
– Verklig grafisk bearbetning
– Processkontroll<\/p>\n

De flesta hem har idag ett stort antal l\u00e5gkostnadstill\u00e4mpningar av dessa tekniker, t.ex:
– Modem, telefoner, satellit-TV
– GPS
– Radar
– Videospel
– L\u00e5gpris-PC
– Styrmoduler f\u00f6r bilmotorer<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vilken typ av impedansdesign kan vi hitta p\u00e5 kretskort? \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n Inbyggd mikrostrip <\/h3>\n \t\t \t

En inb\u00e4ddad mikrostriptransmissionsledning best\u00e5r av en ledare, vanligtvis koppar, med bredden W och tjockleken t, som \u00e4r dragen \u00f6ver ett jordplan som \u00e4r bredare \u00e4n sj\u00e4lva transmissionsledningen och \u00e5tskild av ett dielektriskt substrat med tjockleken H1. \n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n Offset Stripline <\/h3>\n \t\t \t

I offset Stripline-konfigurationen \u00e4r signalsp\u00e5ret inkl\u00e4mt mellan tv\u00e5 plan och det \u00e4r inte s\u00e4kert att avst\u00e5ndet mellan de tv\u00e5 planen \u00e4r lika stort. Denna konstruktion kallas ofta f\u00f6r Dual Stripline. \n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n Kantkopplad belagd mikroremsa <\/h3>\n \t\t \t

Den kantbelagda mikrostripen \u00e4r en differentiell konfiguration d\u00e4r det finns tv\u00e5 sp\u00e5r med kontrollerad impedans p\u00e5 ytan, belagda med ett resist och ett plan p\u00e5 andra sidan laminatet. \n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n Kantkopplad Offest Stripline <\/h3>\n \t\t \t

Kantkopplad offset Stripline \u00e4r en differentiell konfiguration med tv\u00e5 kontrollerade impedansv\u00e4gar inkl\u00e4mda mellan tv\u00e5 plan. Sp\u00e5ren \u00e4r f\u00f6rskjutna, men de kan vara halvv\u00e4gs mellan planen (2H1 + T = H) \n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n Kantkopplad Stripline <\/h3>\n \t\t \t

Denna differentialkonfiguration har tv\u00e5 sp\u00e5r som \u00e4r \u00e5tskilda av ett laminat och kl\u00e4mda mellan tv\u00e5 plan. \u00c4ven om diagrammet visar f\u00f6rskjutningen av sp\u00e5ren, \u00e4r tillverkningsm\u00e5let att ha sp\u00e5ren utan f\u00f6rskjutning, dvs. den ena m\u00e5ste vara direkt ovanf\u00f6r den andra \n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n Belagda koplan\u00e4ra remsor <\/h3>\n \t\t \t

I denna konfiguration med belagda koplanarremsor finns det ett enda sp\u00e5r med kontrollerad impedans med tv\u00e5 jordsp\u00e5r med en specificerad bredd (W2\/W3) p\u00e5 varje sida. Alla sp\u00e5r \u00e4r belagda med resist. \n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n Belagd koplan\u00e4r v\u00e5gledare med jord <\/h3>\n \t\t \t

Den koplan\u00e4ra v\u00e5gledaren har ett enda sp\u00e5r med kontrollerad impedans med plan p\u00e5 varje sida (eller mycket breda jordsp\u00e5r), ett kontinuerligt plan p\u00e5 ena sidan och endast ett laminat p\u00e5 den andra sidan. \n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n Koplan\u00e4r v\u00e5gledare med offset <\/h3>\n \t\t \t

Den koplan\u00e4ra v\u00e5gledaren liknar konfigurationen ovan, med undantaget att det finns plan p\u00e5 b\u00e5da sidor av laminatet och ett plan p\u00e5 samma lager som den kontrollerade impedansbanan. \n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hur styr man impedansen?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUnder kretskortstillverkningen m\u00e5ste en testkupong l\u00e4ggas till p\u00e5 arbetspanelen. Denna kupong \u00e4r det b\u00e4sta s\u00e4ttet att vara s\u00e4ker p\u00e5 att uppbyggnaden och kopparbilden matchar den beg\u00e4rda impedansen. Eftersom kretskortsimpedansen m\u00e5ste m\u00e4tas m\u00e5ste kretskortstillverkaren l\u00e4gga till en testkupong i arbetspanelen som representerar exakt konfigurationen av impedansutskriften i kretskortet. Dessa provningskuponger m\u00e5ste utformas som en modell som beskrivs av provningsm\u00e4tsystemet. Genom att anv\u00e4nda samma material, samma tillverkningsprocess och samma parametrar \u00e4r testkupongen en exakt kopia av kretskortets impedans. \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Vad \u00e4r en testkupong?<\/h3><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDen typiska testkupongen \u00e4r ett kretskort p\u00e5 cirka 200 x 30 mm med exakt samma sp\u00e5rkonstruktion som huvudkretskortet. Den har sp\u00e5r som \u00e4r utformade f\u00f6r att ha samma bredd och ligga p\u00e5 samma lager som de kontrollerade sp\u00e5ren p\u00e5 huvudkretsen. Detta \u00e4r det b\u00e4sta s\u00e4ttet att s\u00e4kerst\u00e4lla ett bra resultat. Testkupongen undviker ytterligare kontaktytor eller andra f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar som kan p\u00e5verka kretskortets impedans. I de fall d\u00e4r laminattjockleken \u00e4r specificerad kommer tillverkaren att justera sp\u00e5rvidden f\u00f6r att uppn\u00e5 impedansv\u00e4rdet. Kupongen kommer att testas och kontrolleras med l\u00e4mplig testutrustning. F\u00f6r varje testkupong kan en rapport tilldelas som visar v\u00e4rdet p\u00e5 den uppm\u00e4tta impedansen. \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Fr\u00e5gor?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Det finns ett ICAPE Group-team n\u00e4ra dig och ditt f\u00f6retag. V\u00e5ra aff\u00e4rsenheter runt om i v\u00e4rlden \u00e4r bemannade med lokala experter som kan svara p\u00e5 alla dina fr\u00e5gor. Kontakta oss idag! <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tKontakta oss<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Impedanskontroll Elektrisk impedans \u00e4r ett m\u00e5tt p\u00e5 det motst\u00e5nd som en krets utg\u00f6r mot en str\u00f6m n\u00e4r en sinusformad v\u00e4xelsp\u00e4nning appliceras. Den h\u00e4r kabeln \u00e4r en koaxialkabel. Ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r en koaxialkabel kan en antenn anslutas till enheten via en kabel som best\u00e5r av tv\u00e5 runda tr\u00e5dar som sitter p\u00e5 avst\u00e5nd fr\u00e5n varandra p\u00e5 en platt […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":32713,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-32695","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nImpedanskontroll | ICAPE Group<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Elektrisk impedans \u00e4r ett m\u00e5tt p\u00e5 det motst\u00e5nd som en krets utg\u00f6r mot en str\u00f6m n\u00e4r en sinusformad v\u00e4xelsp\u00e4nning appliceras.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" 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