{"id":29713,"date":"2023-03-22T08:07:34","date_gmt":"2023-03-22T08:07:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.icape-group.com\/controle-da-impedancia\/"},"modified":"2025-01-21T09:45:54","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T09:45:54","slug":"controle-da-impedancia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.icape-group.com\/pt-pt\/ciencia-das-pcb\/controle-da-impedancia\/","title":{"rendered":"Controle da Imped\u00e2ncia"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Controle da Imped\u00e2ncia<\/h1><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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A imped\u00e2ncia el\u00e9trica<\/span> \u00e9 a medida da oposi\u00e7\u00e3o que um circuito apresenta a uma corrente quando \u00e9 aplicada uma tens\u00e3o CA sinusoidal. Este cabo \u00e9 um cabo coaxial. Em vez de um cabo coaxial, pode ser ligada uma antena ao dispositivo por um cabo formado por dois fios redondos afastados com uma tira pl\u00e1stica plana. Assim como acontece com o cabo coaxial, as dimens\u00f5es e os materiais deste fio s\u00e3o cuidadosamente controlados para lhe conferir a imped\u00e2ncia el\u00e9trica correta.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFale conosco<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tOr\u00e7amento Imediato<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Na placa de circuito impresso, a prote\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 o plano, o isolador \u00e9 o material e o fio central \u00e9 um tra\u00e7o. A imped\u00e2ncia \u00e9 medida em Ohms, mas n\u00e3o deve ser confundida com a resist\u00eancia, tamb\u00e9m medida em Ohms. A resist\u00eancia \u00e9 para corrente cont\u00ednua (DC), enquanto a imped\u00e2ncia \u00e9 uma corrente alternada (AC) que se torna importante \u00e0 medida que a frequ\u00eancia do sinal aumenta, se tornando cr\u00edtica para tra\u00e7os de circuitos impressos com componentes de sinal iguais ou superiores a 200 MHz. A fun\u00e7\u00e3o de um fio ou tra\u00e7o \u00e9 transferir a intensidade do sinal de um dispositivo para outro. A pot\u00eancia m\u00e1xima do sinal \u00e9 transferida quando as imped\u00e2ncias est\u00e3o emparelhadas.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"impedance\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"impedance\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Uma antena de TV tem uma imped\u00e2ncia \u00abnatural\u00bb. Para as Radiofrequ\u00eancias (FR), a transfer\u00eancia da pot\u00eancia m\u00e1xima do sinal da antena para os cabos exige que a imped\u00e2ncia do cabo corresponda \u00e0 imped\u00e2ncia da antena. Al\u00e9m disso, a imped\u00e2ncia da TV deve corresponder \u00e0 imped\u00e2ncia do cabo.<\/p>\n

Embora tenhamos de nos concentrar nas interconex\u00f5es de fios, as mesmas considera\u00e7\u00f5es aplicam-se \u00e0 transfer\u00eancia de sinais atrav\u00e9s de tra\u00e7os em uma PCB. Ainda em 1997, apenas os dispositivos ex\u00f3ticos de alta velocidade da altura exigiam placas de circuito impresso com imped\u00e2ncia controlada. Estas representavam talvez 20% das PCB fabricadas.<\/p>\n

Em 2000, cerca de 80% de todas as PCB multicamadas eram fabricados com tra\u00e7os de imped\u00e2ncia controlada. Estas inclu\u00edam placas para todos os tipos de tecnologias, incluindo:
– Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es
– Processamento de sinais de v\u00eddeo
– Processamento digital de alta velocidade
– Processamento gr\u00e1fico real
– Controle de processos<\/p>\n

Atualmente, a maioria das habita\u00e7\u00f5es disp\u00f5e de um grande n\u00famero de aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de baixo custo destas tecnologias, por exemplo:
– Modem, telefones, televis\u00e3o por sat\u00e9lite
– GPS
– Radar
– Jogos de v\u00eddeo
– PC de baixo custo
– M\u00f3dulos de controle do autom\u00e1tico motor<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Que tipo de projeto de imped\u00e2ncia podemos encontrar na PCB? \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n Microstrip Incorporado <\/h3>\n \t\t \t

Uma linha de transmiss\u00e3o microstrip embutida, semelhante ao microstrip, \u00e9 constitu\u00edda por um condutor, geralmente de cobre, de largura W e espessura t, encaminhado sobre um plano de terra que \u00e9 mais largo do que a pr\u00f3pria linha de transmiss\u00e3o e separado por um substrato diel\u00e9trico de espessura H1. \n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n Offset Stripline <\/h3>\n \t\t \t

Na configura\u00e7\u00e3o offset Stripline, o tra\u00e7o do sinal \u00e9 ensanduichado entre dois planos e pode ou n\u00e3o ser igualmente espa\u00e7ado entre os dois planos. Esta constru\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 frequentemente designada por Dual Stripline. \n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n Edge-coupled Coated Microstrip <\/h3>\n \t\t \t

O edge-coated microstrip \u00e9 uma configura\u00e7\u00e3o diferencial na qual h\u00e1 dois tra\u00e7os de imped\u00e2ncia controlada na superf\u00edcie, revestidos com uma resist\u00eancia e um plano no outro lado do laminado. \n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n Edge-coupled Offest Stripline <\/h3>\n \t\t \t

O Edge coupled offset Stripline \u00e9 uma configura\u00e7\u00e3o diferencial com dois percursos de imped\u00e2ncia controlada ensanduichados entre dois planos. Os tra\u00e7os s\u00e3o desfasados, mas poderiam estar a meio caminho entre os planos (2H1 + T = H) \n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n Edge-coupled Stripline <\/h3>\n \t\t \t

Esta configura\u00e7\u00e3o diferencial tem dois tra\u00e7os separados por um laminado e ensanduichados entre dois planos. Embora o diagrama mostre o desvio dos tra\u00e7os, o objetivo de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 ter os tra\u00e7os sem desvio, ou seja, um deve estar diretamente por cima do outro \n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n Coated Coplanar Strips <\/h3>\n \t\t \t

Nesta configura\u00e7\u00e3o Coated Colplanar Strips h\u00e1 um \u00fanico tra\u00e7o de imped\u00e2ncia controlada com dois tra\u00e7os de terra de uma largura especificada (W2\/W3) em cada lado. Todos os tra\u00e7os s\u00e3o revestidos com prote\u00e7\u00e3o. \n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n Coated Coplanar Waveguide with Ground <\/h3>\n \t\t \t

A guia de onda coplanar tem um \u00fanico tra\u00e7o de imped\u00e2ncia controlada com planos em cada lado (ou tra\u00e7os de terra muito largos), um plano cont\u00ednuo em um lado e um laminado apenas no outro. \n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n Offset Coplanar Waveguide <\/h3>\n \t\t \t

A Guia de Onda Coplanar \u00e9 semelhante \u00e0 configura\u00e7\u00e3o anterior, com a exce\u00e7\u00e3o de que h\u00e1 planos em ambos os lados do laminado e um plano na mesma camada que o tra\u00e7o de imped\u00e2ncia controlada. \n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Como Controlar a Imped\u00e2ncia?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDurante a fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o da placa de circuito impresso, deve ser adicionado uma chapa de teste ao painel de trabalho. Esta chapa \u00e9 a melhor forma de garantir que a constru\u00e7\u00e3o e a imagem do cobre correspondem \u00e0 imped\u00e2ncia solicitada. Devido ao fato de a imped\u00e2ncia da PCB ter de ser medida, o fabricante da mesma tem de adicionar uma chapa de teste no painel de trabalho que represente exatamente a configura\u00e7\u00e3o da impress\u00e3o da imped\u00e2ncia na PCB. Essas chapas de teste devem ser concebidas como um modelo descrito pelo sistema de medi\u00e7\u00e3o de teste. Usando o mesmo material, o mesmo processo de produ\u00e7\u00e3o e os mesmos par\u00e2metros, a chapa de teste \u00e9 exatamente a r\u00e9plica da imped\u00e2ncia da PCB. \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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O que \u00e9 uma chapa de teste?<\/h3><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA chapa de teste normal \u00e9 uma placa de circuito impresso de aproximadamente 200 x 30 mm com exatamente a mesma constru\u00e7\u00e3o de tra\u00e7os que a placa de circuito impresso principal. Tem tra\u00e7os que s\u00e3o concebidos para terem a mesma largura e estarem na mesma camada que os tra\u00e7os controlados no circuito principal. Esta \u00e9 a melhor forma de garantir um bom resultado. A chapa de teste evita quaisquer blocos adicionais ou quaisquer altera\u00e7\u00f5es que possam influenciar a imped\u00e2ncia da PCB. Nos casos em que a espessura do laminado \u00e9 especificada, o fabricante ajustar\u00e1 a largura do tra\u00e7o para atingir o valor da imped\u00e2ncia. Esta chapa ser\u00e1 testada e verificada com equipamento de teste adequado. Para cada chapa de teste, pode ser atribu\u00eddo um relat\u00f3rio com o valor da imped\u00e2ncia medida. \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tem alguma quest\u00e3o?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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H\u00e1 uma equipe do ICAPE Group perto de voc\u00ea e de sua empresa. Em todo o mundo, nossas unidades empresariais contam com especialistas nativos dispon\u00edveis para responder a todas suas perguntas. Contate-nos hoje! <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFale conosco<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Controle da Imped\u00e2ncia A imped\u00e2ncia el\u00e9trica \u00e9 a medida da oposi\u00e7\u00e3o que um circuito apresenta a uma corrente quando \u00e9 aplicada uma tens\u00e3o CA sinusoidal. Este cabo \u00e9 um cabo coaxial. Em vez de um cabo coaxial, pode ser ligada uma antena ao dispositivo por um cabo formado por dois fios redondos afastados com uma […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":29789,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-29713","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nControle da Imped\u00e2ncia | ICAPE Group<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A imped\u00e2ncia el\u00e9trica \u00e9 a medida da oposi\u00e7\u00e3o que um circuito apresenta a uma corrente quando \u00e9 aplicada uma tens\u00e3o CA sinusoidal.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Controle da 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